Application Architecture Definitions

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  • #

    client side framework

    There are two sides to web development – the server side and the client side. A server side framework typically uses a programming language with a compiler and runs on a Web server, such as Node, PHP and ASP.NET.

  • A

    Apache OpenWhisk

    Apache OpenWhisk is an open source and serverless cloud platform that performs functions in response to events.

  • API economy

    The API economy refers to the set of business models and practices designed around the use of APIs in today's digital economy.

  • API endpoint

    An API endpoint is a point at which an API -- the code that allows two software programs to communicate with each other -- connects with the software program.

  • API lifecycle management

    API lifecycle management is a part of API management that supports the design, development and maintenance of APIs, including their transitioning from design and testing to a production environment.

  • API management

    API management is the process by which an organization creates, oversees and controls application program interfaces (APIs) in a secure and scalable environment.

  • API proxy

    An API proxy is a thin application program interface (API) server that exposes an interface for an existing service or services.

  • API security

    API security is an overarching term referring to practices and products that prevent malicious attacks on, or misuse of, application program interfaces (API).

  • API testing

    API testing is a type of software testing that analyzes an application program interface (API) to verify it fulfills its expected functionality, security, performance and reliability.

  • API-centric application

    An API-centric application is a web service that is built using application programming interfaces (APIs) to exchange data with other applications.

  • Apigee

    Apigee, pronounced App-ih-gee, is an API gateway management tool offered by Google to exchange data across cloud services and applications.

  • application architecture

    An application architecture is a structural map of how an organization's software applications are assembled and how those applications interact with each other to meet business or user requirements.

  • application program interface (API)

    An application program interface (API) is code that allows two software programs to communicate with each other.

  • application service provider (ASP)

    An application service provider (ASP) is a company that offers individuals or enterprises access to applications and related services over the internet.

  • AutoRABIT

    AutoRABIT is an end-to-end release management suite specifically aimed at streamlining the development and release of Salesforce.com applications by automating their continuous integration (CI) and continuous delivery (CD) processes.

  • B

    Ballerina language

    Ballerina language is an open-source, cloud-native programming language designed to ease the burden of integration development associated with enterprise applications.

  • Bean

    In its JavaBeans application program interface for writing a component, Sun Microsystems calls a component a "Bean" (thus continuing their coffee analogy).

  • BPEL (Business Process Execution Language)

    BPEL (Business Process Execution Language) is an XML-based language that enables task-sharing in a distributed computing or grid computing environment. 

  • BSA | The Software Alliance

    BSA | The Software Alliance is an advocate for public policies that foster technology innovation and drive growth in the digital economy. BSA’s policy team works with governments and public stakeholders across the globe to support the global software industry on issues including data privacy and security, intellectual property and trade.

  • business capability

    Business capabilities are one way of representing the highest conceptual-level view of an enterprise architecture.

  • business event management

    Business event management is the practice of incorporating business logic into labeling events, communicating events and handling events... (Continued)

  • Business Process Modeling Language (BPML)

    Business Process Modeling Language (BPML) is an Extensible Markup Language (XML)-based metalanguage developed by the Business Process Management Initiative (BPMI) as a means of modeling business processes, much as XML is, itself, a metalanguage with the ability to model enterprise data.

  • business rules engine (BRE)

    A business rules engine (BRE) is a software component that allows non-programmers to add or change business logic in a business process management (BPM) system.

  • C

    class diagram

    A class diagram is an illustration of the relationships and source code dependencies among classes in the Unified Modeling Language (UML).

  • cloud service governance

    Cloud services governance is a general term for applying specific policies or principles to the use of cloud computing services. The goal of cloud services governance is to secure applications and data when they are located remotely.

  • componentization (component-based development)

    Componentization is an approach to software development that involves breaking software down into identifiable pieces that application developers independently write and deploy.

  • CQRS (command query responsibility segregation)

    Command query responsibility segregation (CQRS) is a programming design pattern that treats retrieving data and changing data differently.

  • D

    data dictionary

    A data dictionary is a collection of descriptions of the data objects or items in a data model for the benefit of programmers and others who need to refer to them.

  • data type

    A data type, in programming, is a classification that specifies which type of value a variable has and what type of mathematical, relational or logical operations can be applied to it without causing an error.

  • dependency injection

    In object-oriented programming (OOP) software design, dependency injection (DI) is the process of supplying a resource that a given piece of code requires.

  • E

    EAI (enterprise application integration)

    Enterprise application integration (EAI) is the task of uniting the databases and workflows associated with business applications to ensure that the business uses the information consistently and that changes to core business data made by one application are correctly reflected in others.

  • Eclipse (Eclipse Foundation)

    Eclipse is an open-source Java Integrated Development Environment (IDE) known for its plug-ins that allow developers to develop and test code written in other programming languages.

  • endpoint reference (EPR)

    An endpoint reference (EPR) is a combination of Web services (WS) elements that define the address for a resource in a Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP) header... (Continued)

  • enterprise architecture framework

    An enterprise architecture framework (EA framework) is the collection of processes, templates and tools that are used to create an enterprise architecture (EA).

  • Enterprise Service Bus (ESB)

    An enterprise service bus (ESB) is a software platform used to distribute work among connected components of an application.

  • event

    An event, in a computing context, is an action or occurrence that can be identified by a program and has significance for system hardware or software.

  • event handler

    An event handler is a callback routine that operates asynchronously and handles inputs received into a program... (Continued)

  • event handling

    Event handling is the receipt of an event at some event handler from an event producer and subsequent processes... (Continued)

  • event-driven architecture (EDA)

    An event-driven architecture (EDA) is a framework that orchestrates behavior around the production, detection and consumption of events as well as the responses they evoke.

  • F

    feature flagging

    Feature flagging is a cost-effective and simple programming method that involves a programming design pattern which allows developers to turn a feature of a software application on or off without having to release or change the code in production.

  • foo (in software programming)

    Foo (pronounced FOO) is a term used by programmers as a placeholder for a value that can change depending on conditions or on information passed to the program.

  • G

    GraphQL

    GraphQL is a query language that allows developers to ask for specific data and return that data from multiple sources through a single API call. The client defines the structure of the data needed, and the server returns the data using the exact same structure.

  • gRPC

    gRPC is a high performance, open source framework developed by Google to handle remote procedure calls (RPCs).

  • I

    interoperability

    Interoperability (pronounced IHN-tuhr-AHP-uhr-uh-BIHL-ih-tee) is the ability of different systems, devices, applications or products to connect and communicate in a coordinated way, without effort from the end user.

  • Istio

    Istio is an independent, open source service mesh technology that enables developers to connect, secure, control, observe and run a distributed microservice architecture (MSA), regardless of platform, source or vendor.

  • J

    Jenkins X

    Jenkins X is an open source system that provides continuous integration (CI), continuous delivery (CD) and automated testing tools designed for cloud-native applications in a Kubernetes environment.

  • K

    Kong

    Kong is an open source API gateway and platform that acts as middleware between compute clients and the API-centric applications.

  • M

    Maven

    Maven is an Apache Software Foundation build tool for project management that automates Java projects.

  • message queueing

    In programming, message queueing is a method by which process (or program instances) can exchange or pass data using an interface to a system-managed queue of messages.

  • Micronaut framework

    Micronaut is an open source JVM-based software framework for building lightweight, modular applications and microservices.

  • microservices

    Microservices, or microservices architecture, is an approach to application development in which a large application is built from modular components or services.

  • middleware

    Middleware is software that is used to bridge the gap between applications and other tools or databases.

  • Middleware as a Service (MWaaS)

    Middleware as a Service (MWaaS) is the distribution model wherein middleware is offered as a cloud-based service, rather than as an on-premise solution. It is often offered as part of a cloud-based suite.

  • mobile application development

    Mobile application development is the set of processes and procedures involved in writing software for small, wireless computing devices.

  • mobile middleware

    Mobile middleware is software that connects disparate mobile applications, programs and systems.

  • O

    OASIS (Organization for the Advancement of Structured Information Standards)

    OASIS (Organization for the Advancement of Structured Information Standards) is a nonprofit, international consortium whose goal is to promote the adoption of product-independent standards for information formats such as Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML), Extensible Markup Language (XML), and Hypertext Markup Language (HTML).

  • OAuth

    OAuth (Open Authorization) is an open standard authorization framework for token-based authorization on the internet.

  • object

    In object-oriented programming (OOP), objects are the things you think about first in designing a program and they are also the units of code that are eventually derived from the process.

  • object-oriented programming (OOP)

    Object-oriented programming (OOP) is a computer programming model that organizes software design around data, or objects, rather than functions and logic.

  • open API (public API)

    Review this definition to learn about open APIs, also known as a public APIs, including their associated benefits, industry use cases and unique attributes.

  • Open Grid Services Architecture (OGSA)

    The Open Grid Services Architecture (OGSA) is a set of standards defining the way in which information is shared among diverse components of large, heterogeneous grid systems.

  • OpenAPI Specification

    The OpenAPI (OAI) Specification defines a standard, programming language-agnostic interface description for RESTful APIs.

  • P

    parser

    In computer technology, a parser is a program, usually part of a compiler, that receives input in the form of sequential source program instructions, interactive online commands, markup tags, or some other defined interface and breaks them up into parts (for example, the nouns (objects), verbs (methods), and their attributes or options) that can then be managed by other programming (for example, other components in a compiler).

  • polyglot persistence

    Polyglot persistence is an enterprise storage term used to describe choosing different data storage/data stores technologies to support the various data types and their storage needs.

  • PowerBuilder

    PowerBuilder is a popular rapid application development (RAD) tool for buildingobject-oriented programmingclient/serverapplications the parts of which can bedistributedwithin a network.

  • Prometheus

    Prometheus is an open source monitoring and alerting toolkit for microservices and containers that provides flexible queries and real time notifications.

  • R

    React Native

    React Native is an open source JavaScript framework for mobile application development. The framework is based on Facebook’s user interface (UI) JavaScript library, React, and can be used to design apps for the web, iOS and Android.

  • reactive programming

    Reactive programming describes a design paradigm that relies on asynchronous programming logic to handle real-time updates to otherwise static content.

  • reactive systems architecture

    A computer systems paradigm that takes advantage of the responsiveness, flexibility and resiliency of reactive programming, so that various components can take continue to function and even thrive if any component is compromised.

  • refactoring

    Refactoring is the process of restructuring code, while not changing its original functionality.

  • Remote Procedure Call (RPC)

    Remote Procedure Call (RPC) is a protocol that one program can use to request a service from a program located in another computer on a network without having to understand the network's details.

  • Resource Description Framework (RDF)

    The Resource Description Framework (RDF) is a general framework for how to describe any Internet resource such as a Web site and its content.

  • REST (REpresentational State Transfer)

    REST (REpresentational State Transfer) is an architectural style for developing web services.

  • REST API (RESTful API)

    A RESTful API is an architectural style for an application program interface (API) that uses HTTP requests to GET, PUT, POST and DELETE data.

  • restricted API

    A restricted API is an application program interface whose access, or use, is intentionally limited by web site developers for security purposes or business reasons.

  • S

    Service Data Objects (SDO)

    Service Data Objects (SDO) is the name of a specification designed to streamline the processing of SOA (service-oriented architecture) data from diverse sources such as XML documents, relational databases and Web services... (Continued)

  • Service Integration Maturity Model (SIMM)

    The Service Integration Maturity Model (SIMM) is a paradigm developed by IBM that defines the extent to which various services are integrated in a service-oriented architecture (SOA)... (Continued)

  • service-component architecture (SCA)

    Service-component architecture (SCA) is a group of specifications intended for the development of applications based on service-oriented architecture (SOA), which defines how computing entities interact to perform work for each other... (Continued)

  • service-oriented architecture (SOA)

    Service-oriented architecture (SOA) is a software development model that allows services to communicate across different platforms and languages to form applications.

  • SOA governance

    SOA governance refers to the processes used to oversee and control the adoption and implementation of service-oriented architecture (SOA) in accordance with recognized practices, principles and government regulations... (Continued)

  • SOA networking

    SOA networking is the use of the service-oriented architecture (SOA) model to enhance the capabilities of networks that use Web services... (Continued)

  • SOA registry

    An SOA registry is a resource that provides controlled access to data necessary for governance of SOA (service-oriented architecture) projects... (Continued)

  • SOA repository

    An SOA repository is a database containing the software and metadata that constitute an SOA registry... (Continued)

  • SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol)

    SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol), which is based in Extensible Markup Language (XML), facilitates communication between application and operating systems.

  • software

    Software is a set of instructions, data or programs used to operate computers and execute specific tasks.

  • software stack

    A software stack is a collection of independent components that work together to support the execution of an application.

  • source code

    Source code is the fundamental component of a computer program that is created by a programmer. It can be read and easily understood by a human being.

  • SPML (Services Provisioning Markup Language)

    SPML (Services Provisioning Markup Language) is an Extensible Markup Language (XML)-based language that facilitates the exchange of provisioning information among applications and organizations, corporations, or agencies.

  • Spring Framework

    The Spring Framework (Spring) is an open-source application framework that provides infrastructure support for developing Java applications.

  • state diagram (state machine diagram or statechart diagram)

    A state diagram, also known as a state machine diagram or statechart diagram, is an illustration of the states an object can attain as well as the transitions between those states in the Unified Modeling Language (UML).

  • state management

    Application state management is the process of maintaining knowledge of an application's inputs across multiple related data flows that form a complete business transaction -- or a session -- to understand the condition of the app at any given moment.

  • Swagger

    Swagger is an open source set of rules, specifications and tools for developing and describing RESTful APIs.

  • system of systems (SoS)

    System of systems (SoS)  is a way to view multiple, small independent systems in context as part of a larger, more complex system.

  • T

    The Open Group Architecture Framework (TOGAF)

    The Open Group Architecture Framework, or TOGAF gives software architects a structured approach for organizing and governing their software technology design, development and maintenance.

  • Transaction Processing Performance Council (TPC)

    The Transaction Processing Performance Council (TPC) is a worldwide consortium that establishes standards intended to promote the fast, efficient and reliable execution of e-commerce and database transactions... (Continued)

  • two-phase commit (2PC)

    Two-phase commit (2PC) is a standardized protocol that ensures atomicity, consistency, isolation and durability (ACID) of a transaction; it is an atomic commitment protocol for distributed systems.

  • Tyk

    Tyk is an open source application program interface (API) gateway management tool.

  • U

    user interface (UI)

    The user interface (UI) is the point of human-computer interaction and communication in a device.

  • UUID (Universal Unique Identifier)

    A UUID (Universal Unique Identifier) is a 128-bit value used to uniquely identify an object or entity on the internet.

  • W

    web service orchestration

    Service orchestration is the coordination or integration of several services and exposing them as a single service. The mix of services supports the automation of business processes.

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